澎湖漁船搭載客貨法律問題之分析

Analysis of the Legal Issues of Cargos and Passengers Transportation in Fishing Vessels in Penghu

澎湖群島由97座島嶼組成，其中20座為有人島，澎湖縣政府為了解決離島交通不便，制定了漁船搭載客貨的自治法規，然而，這些自治法規遭到交通部及農委會認為牴觸法律。多年來，透過澎湖縣政府、交通部、農委會、海巡署等單位，公文往返並召開多次協調會，至今仍無法解決。本研究針對澎湖縣自治法規內容及法律性質、法規實施後所發生之爭議、以及澎湖縣政府與中央各部會之立場等面向，進行探討分析。研究結論的建議如下：短期先由澎湖縣政府就其自治法規本身的條文做修正，避免在執行上引發爭議；中期則應由農委會修訂漁業法及相關法令，再由交通部配合檢查丈量；長期則應改善澎湖離島的海上交通。

There are twenty inhabited islands within the total 97 islands of Penghu archipelago. To resolve the traffic among offshore islands, Penghu County Government (PCG) set up the regulations that allow fishing vessels to carry cargos and passengers. However, these regulations do not conform to the current laws from the viewpoints of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MTC), the Council of Agriculture (COA) and the Coast Guard Administration. The PCG and the central governmental ministries have attempted but failed to resolve the disputes in recent years. This study analyzes the legality about the contents of these regulations and the disputes from the standpoints of the PCG and the central government. The following suggestions are provided based on the results of the study: In the short run, the local regulations should be modified by the PCG in order to avoid the disputes of the law enforcement. In the midterm, the Fisheries Act regarding fishing vessels in offshore islands should be modified by the COA along with the help of COA on executing tonnage measurement/survey for these fishing vessels. In the long run, the maritime transportation in Penghu's offshore islands should be improved by both the local and central governments.