應用熵值法與灰關聯分析法實證貨櫃碼頭場站機具作業效率之比較分析

Applying Entropy and Grey Relational Analysis to Evaluate Operating Efficiency of Cargo Handling Facilities in the Container Yard

2007年馬士基公司的11300Teu超大型貨櫃輪投入市場競爭行列，揭開邁入萬噸級船舶時代來臨，在當下碼頭資源與港埠設施有限情況下，如何選擇高效率和高效能場站機具配置來滿足貨櫃處理量需求，成為港埠經營者和航商所關心課題。是故，本文研究目的在於探討場站機具作業效率之評量要因，不同場站機具作業效率之比較以及自動化作業是否符合高雄港第六貨櫃中心和未來洲際貨櫃碼頭使用需求。經文獻探討和問卷調查方式找出影響作業效率的關鍵因素，再利用此熵值代入灰關聯分析法來實證不同場站機具之作業效率衡量優劣排序。經實證結論為：(1)影響場站機具作業效率之重要因素，依序為CY櫃場機具配置數量、拖車在櫃場作業距離、櫃場機具的運行速度、CY櫃場機具處理效率、拖車配置數量。(2)場站機具灰關聯度分析所得優劣，依序分別為SA、RT、ASC、SC以及TT。(3)櫃場半自動化作業為業界公認效率最佳的機具，可提供第六貨櫃中心或新洲際貨櫃碼頭配置場站機具之決策建議。

Sea transport has made critical changes due to emergence of mega container ship tendency; ship type such as EMMA MERSK in terms of 11300TEUS in 2007. To allure a mega container ship calling on the terminal requires not only setting up adequate hardware and software facilities but also conquering many issues relevant to massive operational business, hence it is of crucial important to enhance container terminal capacity by upgrading operating efficiency of cargo handling facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore key impact factors of operating efficiency in the container Yard, and make a comparison among various cargo handling facilities based on Entropy and Grey Relational Analysis approaches. Our finding was summarized as: (1) Key impact factors are number of cargo handling facilities, transport distance of trailers, moving speedy of gantry crane, efficiency of cargo handling facilities, and number of trailer, (2) Operating efficiency comparison of cargo handling facility modes based on Entropy and GRA approaches are SA>RT>ASC>SC>TT, (3) semi-automatic crane is optimal cargo handling facility in the aspect of operating efficiency being recognized by shipping industry sectors.