應用資料包絡分析法來比較臺、日、韓三國國輪船隊海 運競爭優勢

Applying DEA Approach to Make a Comparison among Shipping Competitive Advantage of National Fleet of Taiwan, Japan and Korea

近來國輪經營環境不如外輪理想的情形下，居於成本與便利性考量，紛紛選擇改掛權宜籍出走，無論在艘數、總噸數或載重噸數方面，皆大幅度衰退中。即使和亞洲鄰國或地區相比較，本國籍船舶艘數與載重噸之比率皆低於區內主要海運競爭對手，此舉是否意味海運競爭優勢日益衰退。本文根據資採用資料包絡分析法，以船舶艘數、總噸數、載重噸、船員數做為投入變數，貨物運輸量作為產出變數，來比較臺、日、韓三國國輪船隊之海運競爭優勢。經實證發現，(1)無論從相對效率或視窗分析法得悉，臺灣皆低於韓國和日本。(2)國籍船員人數增減與船舶艘數有顯著相關性，與船舶總噸數和載重噸相關性較低。(3)我國政府必須重視國輪船隊噸數與船員人數資源發展計畫，方能提升國輪船隊在全球市場之永續競爭優勢。

Taiwanese Shipping companies confronting with inferior operating environment prefer to take action of flagging out to other countrie in term of Flag of Convenience under the consideration of cost and convenient factors； hence the total number of gross tonnage or deadweight tonnage of national fleet is diminishing sharply. The ownership ratio of Taiwanese National Fleet is still at the lower level compared with other countries in Far East Asia, that represents flagging out issues already become a serious topic for our government reconsidering the current maritime policies and measures. The purpose of this paper attempted to apply DEA approach to make a comparative analysis among shipping competitive advantage of national fleet in Taiwan, Japan and Korea. Our findings are illustrated as, overall scale efficiency score and Window anaysis showed Taiwan were in inferior position compared with Korea and Japan. secondly, the relationship between national seamen and national ship vessel is positive significant. Thirdly, our government needs to focuse on enriching projects of national fleet's tonnage and domestic seamen's number, and further strengthening sustainable competitive advantage of Taiwanese shipping companies by aggressive Mairimte aid policies.