臺灣航行員避碰之操船行為與人格特質之關係

Relationships between Ship Handling Behavior of Collision Avoidance and Personality for Taiwanese Navigators

大部份的海難都是由航行員個人行為的疏失所造成，因此，減少人為疏失已成為增進航行安全的主要課題。但是，人的行為往往最難以掌控，而人的行為又與其人格有密切關係，每個人的行為亦是其人格的表現。本研究即在探究船舶碰撞危機中，台灣航行員的人格特質對避碰之操船行為所造成的影響。本研究利用問卷衡量航行員之人格特質，並以模擬實驗擷取航行員避碰之操船行為代表量，再運用相關分析、迴歸分析、路徑分析，探求及建立航行員人格特質與操船行為之相關性與模式架構。研究結果指出，台灣航行員的人格特質因素中，神經質性頗低，嚴謹性頗高，在處理事情上較為冷靜。在操船行為方面，台灣航行員採取避碰措施之時機與其他國家之航行員相近。轉向方式顯現出人格特質的影響：向左轉向的航行員，其人格特質因素之嚴謹性越高，會越早採取避碰措施，亦會留有較寬廣的安全距離。此結果可作為我國各航運公司在雇用或訓練航行員的依據，期使能減少人格特質所造成之疏失，以降低海難事故之發生。

Most marine casualties occur due to navigator's neglect. Therefore how to reduce human errors has become an important object for increasing navigational safety. But human behavior is very difficult to control. Personal behavior is always related close with his personality, and is expressed from his personality trait. This study focuses on analysis of effect and difference of ship collision avoidance from navigators' personality traits, and carried questionnaire survey out to examine navigators' personality trait. In the meanwhile, the navigators have to carry out a simulation experiment of collision avoidance in order to get data of their ship handling behaviors on avoidance of collision. The use of some statistical measures, including analysis of correlation, analysis of regression and path analysis in the study establishes the relationships between their personality traits and ship handling behaviors, and constructs the research model. The result reveals that the neuroticism for Taiwanese navigators is very low and conscientiousness very high so that they can be cool to deal with affairs. On collision avoidance, the time they take action to avoid collision is similar with other countries' navigators, and the course to alter is slightly small than others. The result also reveals that personality trait affects ship handling behaviors on avoidance of collision with different direction of altering course. For the navigators altering course to port, the higher conscientiousness he is, the earlier to take the action, and the wider to keep safe distance. The results can provide Taiwan shipping companies a reference to employ and train navigators. It is expectative that navigational faults due to navigator's personality can be reduced, and then the decrease of marine casualties will be followed.