兩岸通航政策對航運產業發展衝擊之研究

A Study on to the Impact of Cross-Straits Shipping Policy the Shipping Industry Development

政府自1991年將兩岸經貿納入正式規範以來，直航及三通問題一職是國內各界及國際社會關注的焦點，現有兩岸直接海運運輸為「境外航運中心」作業，始於廈門輪船公司盛達號（權宜輪）於1997年4月18日起錨從廈門航向高雄，使境外航運中心開始運作，而自由貿易港區的設置可以招徠新貨源增加港口收益、增加貨物集散及轉運貿易收入。海運能力相當於一種國家力量，海運能力是建立於政策，一國航運政策會深深影響該國航運發展。本文即在此思維下，探討國家兩岸通航政策對航運產業發展的衝擊，研究結果顯示兩岸通航政策對國及航運公司航線與業務經營具有正向衝擊只得到部分證實，兩岸通航政策對國籍航運公司競爭力具有正向衝擊亦得到部分證實，至於兩岸通航政策影響國籍航運公司航線與業務經營間接衝擊至航運公司競爭力則得到驗證。

Since 1991 government has included cross-Strait Economic and Trade into the official standard. All the time, the problem of direct shipping and the three links are the all part of the national and international society attentiveness focus. Now there is a cross-Strait direct marine transit for “offshore shipping centre” operating. It started with Amoy steamship company Sheen Tack How (conference ship) in April 18, 1997 to weigh anchor from Amoy to Kaoshiung. That started the offshore shipping centre operation, and the free trade harbor gain increasing the goods gathered up, dispersing, and trans-ship business earning. The ability of marine represents a type of country power; it is built up from the policy of a country. The marine policy of a country can be profoundly influence the marine development of that country. This article starts from this thought, discussing of cross-Straits shipping policy towards the maritime industry development. The results showed that the cross-Straits shipping policy had directly impacted to the shipping route and operation of national flag companies was only partially proved, cross-Straits shipping policy had directly impacted to the competition of the national flag companies was also only partially proved, but the influences of cross-Straits shipping policy to the routes and operations of the national flag companies had indirectly impacted to the shipping company's competition was certainly proved.