臺灣地區港埠分級制度建立與港群管理之探討

The Discussion of Port Classification System and Port Cluster Management in Taiwan area

臺灣地區港埠分佈密度頗高，因而在國家資源與有限土地使用上，已漸次出現貨量成長減緩。隨著全球化發展趨勢，世界經濟環境改變，臺灣地區港埠發展亦隨著世界港埠競爭，而使得本島港埠競爭顯現逐漸加劇的趨勢。由於臺灣地區資源有限，其次經濟發展漸趨遲緩，漸漸影響到港埠貨物來源。在全島有限貨物來源與國家有限資源下，國際商港要考量對外競爭，以吸引及提升大型港埠經營者投資意願，勢必會影響到其他港埠的發展，為考量港埠發展與使用及為謀資源的有效分配運用，港埠分級制度建立確有其必要性。其次，隨著港埠集團的競爭，港埠發展有漸趨形成港群競爭的趨勢。本研究即在利用分類分析方法與多元尺度方法探討港埠分級制度與港群管理，經過分析結果顯示，視需求可將臺灣地區港口分為4-5個等級，在港群方面則可劃分為2個或4個港群。在港群管理方面，較低等級的地方港（衛星港）應支持中心港，至於中心港則應技術支援衛星港。

The density of ports in Taiwan area is quite high, due to the limited of national resources and using land, so the growth of capacity goods gradually slows down. As the trend of global development and the environment change of world economy, the development in Taiwan area is also following the step of the world ports' competition, this situation makes the competition among the ports in this island become more evident. For the limited resources in Taiwan area, secondly, the development of economy slows down, so it gradually influences the source of port goods. Under the limited source goods and national resources, we have to consider about the external competition of international ports, in order to attract and promote the desire of big port manager to invest. In this case, it may influence the development of other ports, considering the port development and seeking the effective using of resources, it is necessary to establish the port classification system. In the other hand, the competition among port groups, the port development has gradually become the trend of port cluster's competition. In this study, we used the classification analysis and multiple scales method to discuss the ports' classification system and port cluster management, after the analysis, the result showed, up to the demand, the ports in Taiwan area can be divided into four to five grades, and in port clusters, they can be divided into two to four port clusters. In the port clusters management, as domestic ports (satellite ports) are in lower grades, so they must support the central ports, in the other hand, the central ports have to support the satellite ports by their technique.