國際貨輪的重燃油艙佈置設計研析——降低海上意外所致溢油污染損害

Design of Bunker Tanks Arrangement for Merchant Vessels to Mitigate Marine Oil Spillage

近年來，國際間商船的海上碰撞及觸礁等意外事件頻傳，導致對於商船重燃油艙溢流原油現狀影響，業已促使社會大眾與產業人士等產生積極危機意識。在本論文中，有關若干國際貨輪溢油統計數據作一總括性敘述，並且提供若干船舶碰撞、觸礁及擱淺等海上意外事件的代表性歷史案例說明。事實上，在重燃油艙間週圍設計佈置雙重殼結構以加強保護之，其係不失為減輕溢油風險的一種方法。船上燃油艙的設計位置與容積大小等亦將直接影響海上溢油事件的可能性及預期數量，最終有關若干國際商船重燃油艙間佈置設計構想等的相對有效性評估研究作業，係採用機率為基礎的油料溢流分析技術以執行之。總括而言，該商船重燃油艙的新佈置設計構想將有助於海上溢油污染防治及海洋環境資源保育等事先預防工作的推展。事實上，欲有效達到抑制海上溢油外流，造成海洋環境污染及資源保育等問題，斧底抽薪治本方案有二，即遵循國際間海洋污染防治及港口國管制等相關公約精神，迅速制訂我國內相關執行法令，以有效落實之。另者則為重新考慮商用船舶的重燃油艙佈置設計概念，以確實減少海上碰撞、觸礁及擱淺等意外事件，所造成海上溢油外流頻率與數量。最終，在我國政府正當大力提倡海洋立國政策指導下，行政院海岸巡防署可望改制為海洋事務部之際，應可有所參考，以為將來推展海洋溢油污染防治及環境保護養育等任務工作依循。

In recent years, marine ship collision and grounding accidents have frequently happened to result in oil spillage of bunker tanks and to draw the risk awareness of public attentions. The statistic analysis of historic data for merchant vessels in international aspects is performed, and the histories of well-known marine casualties for collision, rocking and grounding events are summarized. In fact bunker tanks arrangement with design concept of double-hull protection is one effective approach to bring down the risk of marine spillage. The design of location and size for bunker tanks is to affect the likelihood and expected volumes of oil spills. The relative effectiveness of design alternatives for bunker tanks of different ship kinds is systematically examined with probabilistic oil outflow analysis approaches. In conclusions, the new design of bunker tank arrangement for merchant vessels is essentially beneficial to preventing work for marine pollution control and environmental protection. Indeed two principal countermeasures to handle these problems could be proposed. Firstly in compliance with the spirits of international conventions, such as MARPOL and Port State Control, certain authority regulations should be immediately ready for administration activities further. By the way, design alternatives of bunker tank arrangement for merchant vessels would be an efficient approach to avoid marine oil spill frequencies and outflow volumes in collision/rocking/grounding accidents. Finally some valuable recommendations could be helpful for further development of maritime affairs in the near future.