海洋油氣開發污染責任限制正當性與立法例研

Legitimacy and Legislative Mode of Limitation of Liability for Damages Resulting from Pollution of Offshore Oil-gas Exploitation

從海上特殊風險、能源依賴和保險的視角看，海洋油氣開發污染損害賠償中設立責任限制制度具有正當性。《海洋礦物資源勘探開發油污損害民事責任公約》（CLEE)、《近海污染責任協議》(OPOL)、《加拿大草案》與美國《油污法》（OPA)規定的責任限制各有可取之處。其中，OPA對海洋油氣開發污染責任限制實行的是「潛在無限責任原則」，這一原則及其制度尤其值得借鑑。

From the perspectives of special maritime risks, dependence on the energy and insurance, it is legitimate to establish limitation of liability for damages resulting from pollution of offshore oil-gas exploitation. There are different merits in limitation of liability system of CLEE, OPOL, Canada Draft and OPA. Specially, OPA implements the principle of「potential non-limits liability」in the limitation of liability for damages resulting from pollution of offshore oil-gas exploitation. This principle and related legal system have reference value to both international and domestic legislation.