2013年刑事程序法發展回顧：從國際人權公約內國法化的觀點出發

Developments in the Law in 2013: Criminal Procedure Law

自公民與政治權利國際公約及經濟社會文化權利國際公約施行法於2009年施行生效後，兩公約就正式具有國內法效力，關於解釋公約的法源及方法，兩公約施行法第3條規定：「適用兩公約規定，應參照其立法意旨及兩公約人權事務委員會之解釋。」據此，解釋我國法不但應注意兩公約人權規定，也應參考其立法意旨及相關解釋，尤其是聯合國人權事務委員會所作成的一般性意見書，除此之外，二次戰後國際人權法的發展具有相互參照之特性，國際人權機構相互援引見解甚至於作為實質法源，乃是常態；人權事務委員會陸續作成的一般性意見書，亦時有援用歐洲人權法院的案例法，因此本文亦以之作為分析評釋之材料。從國際人權法內國法化的觀點出發，本文自2013年最高法院刑事裁判中，選擇具國際人權法關連性的幾則裁判作為評釋對象，藉此檢視國際人權法與我國刑事訴訟法的接軌情況。其中，公民與政治權利國際公約第6條的生命保障、第7條的酷刑禁止及第14條的公平審判條款等，皆是具有高度刑事法關連性的人權保障規定，並且也已經是我國法的正式法源。為此，本文挑選與公政公約人權保障條款密切相關的三項議題：1、死刑限制與精神障礙；2、對質詰問與傳聞例外；3、司法互助與公安筆錄，以闡釋公約內國法化的基本觀點，依序歸納相關最高法院裁判要旨，並分析其與兩公約之關連性，最後簡評裁判。

After 'Act to Implement the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereafter the two Covenants)' promulgated in 2009, human rights protection provisions in the two Covenants have domestic legal status. According to Art. 3 of the Act, applications of the two Covenants should make reference to their legislative purposes and interpretations by the Human Rights Committee, and since the interpretations made by European Court of Human Rights were frequently referred to Human Rights Committee, the article also takes a notice of the judgments and decisions from the Court. The primary purposes of this article are to emphasize the domestic legal adjustification toward international human rights treaties. In order to clearly demonstrate its developments, a numbers of Supreme Court criminal judgments regarding to fundamental human rights were taken as study sources. Therefore, this article pays attention to the statutes of ICCPR which closely related to criminal procedures (e.g. Art. 6, 7, 14 ICCPR) and the general comments thereof so as to examine the judicial practice on its implementations. Aiming at examining domesticalization of international human rights instruments, the article focuses on three topics: 1. Mental Disorders and prohibition against death Penalty; 2. The right to examination and hearsay rules; 3. International legal assistance and record of interrogation made by public security (China). Each of the three topics will be analyzed in the light of its theoretical and practical aspect and finishes with a separate conclusion.