2013年憲法發展回顧

Developments in the Law in 2013: Constitutional Law

本文以司法院大法官解釋、重要立法與重大之憲政事件觀察2013年之憲法發展。2013年大法官僅作成九號解釋，全數為人民聲請之憲法解釋，且並無政府體制爭議。本文針對釋字第708、709、710、711、712號解釋略作個別分析。2013年可說是延續興盛之公民運動、「風起雲湧」的一年，從核四公投爭議、兩岸服貿協議之簽訂、大埔徵收事件之風波、到引發25萬人上街的洪仲丘事件推動了軍審法之修正，而雖然有諸多改革之司法院大法官審理案件法修正草案已經送進立法院，但由於9月政爭之發生，尚未完成修法。另外，政爭也連帶了倒閣案的提起。整體而言，2013年之憲法發展可以看出憲政體制的問題已然浮現，然而可以處理的機制尚不明確，隱憂繼續存在。

This study focused on the interpretations from the Judicial Yuan, the significant legislature, and critical constitutional events to observe the development of constitution of the year 2013. In 2013, there were only nine interpretations made. All of the interpretations were claimed by people and there was no one about government structure or check and balance issues. This study would briefly look into some important interpretations. The year 2013 was one blossomed with flourishing civil movements and quite surging since there were the referendum issue on nuclear power plant, signature of Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services, the dispute of Da-pu expropriation, and the soldier Hung's death evoking a demonstration by 250 thousands Taiwanese and the amendment of Code of Court Martial Procedure. Although the draft of the amendment of Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Act has been sent into the Legislative Yuan, the political struggle between the President Ma and the head of the Legislative Yuan, Wang, in September slowed it down. Also, the struggle triggered the no-confidence vote. Above all, the development of the constitution in 2013 shows the troubles of our constitutional system; however, we haven't seen the mechanism that may solve them, and the worries remain.