金融檢查權之研究

A Study of the Financial Examination Power in Taiwan

鑑於單一金融監管制度已成世界主流趨勢，我國於2004年7 月1日正式成立金融監督管理委員會（下稱金管會），其目的與理念係在整合銀行、證券、期貨與保險業等金融業之政策及監管事權，主要內容為： 監管機構一元化，將銀行、證券、期貨、保險業採合併管理模式。金檢權與處分權一元化，透過實地金融檢查瞭解金融機構的營運狀況，並就該金融檢查的結果透過監管機構管理處分權的行使加以導正，兩種權力合而為一以降低監督管理的成本。金檢機構一元化，增加金融監管機構的獨立性並提升監管的層級。新成立的金融監管機構力求職權獨立及預算獨立。金管會下設有「金融檢查局」，掌理金融機構的監督、檢查及調查，且金管會組織法賦予金管會及所屬機構辦理檢查必要時之職權，包括「調閱權」、「約詢權」及「聲請搜索權」等準司法權，目的乃為填補司法權之不足而非為取代之，並藉由上述3 種許可權的行使，達成有效金融檢查的目標。從金融監管綜效評估積極面來看，金融檢查係「陽光是最好的消毒劑，電燈是最有效率的員警」，扮演著吹哨者和公益通報者的角色；並藉由金融檢查實施金融機構健康檢查，將金融檢查資訊揭露強化改善金融機構公司治理，促進金融市場的健全發展。另從金融監管綜效評估消極面來看，是透過有效金融檢查監控金融機構，預防金融弊病於未然；且為了追訴金融犯罪與證據保全的目的，採取檢察官派駐金管會之模式，來達成以金管會與司法權結合共同打擊金融犯罪、維護金融市場秩序，以保障消費者及投資人的權益。

In light of the trend of unified financial supervision system in the major countries all over the world, the Financial Supervisory Commission ('FSC') was officially established on July 1st, 2004 in Taiwan. The main goal of FSCis to efficiently consolidate the policy and supervisory power of banking, securities, futures, insurance and relevant financial industries and unified financial supervision system. It includes: (1) Unification of the supervision institution: consolidating the regulation of banking, securities, futures and insurance industries; (2) Unification of the powers of examination and punishment: combining these two powers to reduce the supervision cost through on-spot financial examination on the financial enterprises operation and then the correction and punishment according to the examination results; (3) Unification of the financial examination institutions: upgrading the independence and level of the financial examination institution; and (4) Independence of the authority and revenue of the new financial supervisory institution. Under the FSC, there is a 'Financial Examination Bureau' which handles the supervision, examination and investigation on the financial enterprises. Also, the Organic Act Governing the Establishment of the Financial Supervisory Commission authorizes the FSC and it subordinate institutions the power of examination, including 'investigation power', 'question power', 'power to request a search' and other quasi-jurisdiction powers. Its purpose is to make up the insufficiency of jurisdiction power instead of replacing it and to achieve the efficiency of the financial examination with the execution of the above three powers. In the affirmative aspect of the financial supervisory synergy together with the concept, 'Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants; electric light the most efficient policeman', the role of the financial examination of the financial supervision is a whistleblower who conducts a health examination for the financial enterprises and discloses the examination results in order to enhance the corporate governance of the financial enterprises and to improve the well development of the financial market. In the passive aspect of the financial supervisory synergy, the financial examination is to supervise the financial enterprises and prevent the potential financial scandals through efficient financial examination. Also, to prosecute financial crimes and preserve evidence, the model which dispatches prosecutors to the FSCca n combine the FSC and jurisdiction power together to fight against financial crimes, maintain the financial market order and protect the interests of customers and investors.