青少年婚暴子女分離個體化發展及其所知覺之家庭結構

The Development of Separation-Individuation of Adolescents Exposed to Marital Violence and Their Perceptions of Family Structures

本文旨在從目睹父母親婚姻暴力之青少年的觀點來探討婚暴家庭的家庭結構，以及青少年婚暴子女分離個體化的發展主題與內涵。研究者採用現象學方法進行資料分析。研究結果發現婚暴子女對家庭成員投以大量的關注與涉入。為了阻止和調解衝突，子女們時常忽略自身需求。長期的心理負荷趨使他們離開；同時，他們又因感情牽繫或照顧責任，不時萌生返家的念頭以求安心。由於目睹婚暴是個相當沉重的經驗，為了避免重蹈覆轍，他們試圖發展出與父母親不同的性格與行為，抗拒承襲現狀。也有受訪者長期目睹父母間的婚暴力，而養成自己支持弱勢的傾向。另一個重要現象則是子女們在人我關係中的矛盾。一方面他們被家庭經驗所催化早熟獨立，另一方面卻仍有依賴和親密的需求，但礙於缺乏信任而僅能與人維持表淺關係。最後，根據研究的歷程與結果，研究者提出個人省思與相關建議。

This study aimed to explore the family structure of marital domestic violence from the perspective of adolescents who witnessed their parents’ domestic violence and to explore the themes of these adolescents’ separation-individuation processes. A phenomenology research method was adopted to analyze the interview transcripts reported by 9 participants. The results of the family structure showed that the participants paid a great deal of attention to their family members. In order to prevent and mediate conflict， they were often deeply involved at the expense of ignoring their own needs. While experiencing heavy psychological burdens pushed them away from home， an emotional tie and caring responsibility pulled them back intermittently. Witnessing violence between parents was extremely painful. In order to avoid repeated failure， the participants developed characters and behavior different from their parents. They also tended to support those who were in the disadvantaged group. On one hand， they were pushed to be independent from an early age. However， on the other hand， they still had a need to rely on and have intimacy with others. However， they could only keep a shallow relationship with others due to a lack of trust with others. Finally， based the process and outcomes of this study， we speculated our own reflections on this topic and provided relevant suggestions.