「科學創造性問題解決測驗」之發展

Development of the Children Scientific Creative Problem Solving Test

本研究根據Parnes（1977）所提出的創意問題解決模式（creative problem solving， CPS），重新修訂一份適用於國小五、六年級學童的「科學創造性問題解決測驗」，旨在了解學童於日常生活情境中，以科學知識為基礎，運用觀察、分析與高層次思考，進而解決問題的能力。研究對象包含預試樣本487位學生，正式樣本717位學生。本測驗以情境題組的方式，分別從觀察問題、界定問題、分析問題與解決問題等四個歷程編擬，每個歷程各編寫8個項目，分三個部分（看圖說故事、整理筆記、腦筋急轉彎），共計32題。經以Rasch部分給分模式分析，修訂後之量表具有良好的模式資料適配度。所有的題目在男、女生並無明顯的差異試題功能（differential item functioning， DIF），且觀察問題、界定問題、分析問題與解決問題的信度分別是.70、.75、.78與.76。最後，針對「科學創造性問題解決測驗」的發展與應用，提出未來研究之建議。

Based on the model of creative problem solving (Parnes， 1977)， this study revised the Children Scientific Creative Problem Solving (CS-CPS) Test for 5th and 6th graders. A total of 1，204 students completed the CS-CPS contained sample one (n= 487) and sample two (n = 717). The test was designed to measure pupils’ creativity in real-life problem solving. The test covered 4 major processes， problem-observation， problem-definition， problem-analysis， and problem-solution. The test contained 8 testlets， each with 4 items. These 32 items can be classified into 3 parts: story telling， note making， and fun puzzle. The Rasch partial credit model was used to assess model-data fit. A differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was conducted to assess the consistency of the ratings provided by males and females. The results revealed that the four dimensions of the CS-CPS showed good model-data fit and supported the four-factor classification. It was found that the 4 subtests (processes) had person separate reliabilities of .70， .75， .78， and .76. Finally， suggestions for future research to revise and apply the CS-CPS were proposed.