「中學生解釋型態量表」之編製

The Development of Secondary School Students9 Explanatory Style Questionnaire

樂觀是正向心理學訴求的重點之一，而樂觀的條件乃是架構於對事件的解釋型 態，樂觀解釋型態能讓個體健康地撿視生活事件的原因，並保持前進的動力與希 望。本研究以中學生表述之生活經驗為基底，編製「中學生解釋型態量表」；量表 之解釋型態探多向度構念，包含正向事件永久普遍性/個別性，負向事件永久普遍 性/個別性等四個分量尺，全量表共30題，作答方式探二選一強迫選擇題。參與 本研究量表發展之樣本取自全國29所國高中職學生，其中264名為推導樣本， 2，760名為複製樣本。本量表信效度方面，內部一致性係數介於.384〜.587之間， 驗證性因素分析顯示模型整體與概念模型適配度良好，因素負荷量均達顯著水準。

Optimism is one ofthe key points in positive psychology. The basic element of optimism is the reformulated explanatory style for events. The optimistic explanatory style can help people to view events healthily and keep the power to go forward.The purpose of this study is to develop Secondary School Students’ Explanatory Style Questionnaire based on the experience oflife with secondary school students. The concept of the explanatory style in the study is multi-dimensional. The explanatory styles of the questionnaire includes four subscales. The four subscales are “good events to permanent-pervasive cause”， “good events to personal cause”， “bad events to permanent-pervasive cause”， and “bad events to personal cause”. The questionnaire has 30 items， each of which consists of a hypothetical good or bad event and two possible causes of the event. Respondents pick the cause from the pair that better describes why the event occurred. The students selected as participants are from 29 secondary schools. The participants includes 264 derivation samples and 2，760 replication samples. Cronb-ach’s alpha coefficients of the questionnaire range from .384 to .587. In the confirmatory factor analysis， the Goodness-of-Fit of the questionnaire is good. The factor loadings are significant.