行為動力論對提高國小輕、中度智能障礙學童清潔工作之影響

The Effect of Behavioral Momentum on Cleaning Behavior for Elementary Students with Mild and Moderate Mental Retardation

本研究旨在探討行為動力理論對提高國小輕、中度智能障礙學童清潔工作之影響。受試者為臺北市某國小特教班輕、中度智能障礙學童三名。本實驗研究設計有三：試探性類比功能分析多因素設計，跨受試者多基線設計與ABAB倒返實驗設計。研究結果：實驗一，試探性類比功能分析結果，受試者不願做清潔工作的非服從行為功能在於逃避指令；實驗二，以15秒、10秒、5秒之固定時距區別增強其他行為介入受試者在實驗一所發現逃避指令之非服從行為之功能，研究結果明顯的降低受試者逃避做清潔工作指令之頻率；實驗三，應用行為動力理論以受試者喜愛之遊戲為高可能性行為，帶動低可能性之清潔工作行為，結果明顯提高三位受試者清潔工作的頻率。研究建議：行為動力與區別增強策略可應用在處理智能障礙的非服從行為；輕、中度智能障礙者可應用本研究方法，提高清潔工作效率；行為動力理論可配合刺激控制，建立刺激類化行為。

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of behavioral momentum on enhancing the cleaning behavior of elementary school children with mild and moderate mental retardation. Three subjects participated in the study. The experiment included three parts. First, the function of participants' noncompliance has been analyzed by adopting analogous multi-elements. Second, the participants' escape behavior has been reduced by utilizing DRO, using multiple-baseline design across participants. Finally, behavioral momentum has been employed with reversal design in investigating participant's cleaning behavior. The findings were as followed: (a) The participants' behavioral function was to escape from orders; (b) DRO decreased participants' escape behaviors down to objective; (c) The behavioral momentum increased the target behaviors. According to the results of this study, some reflections were made: (a) It is very likely to decrease the noncompliance by using strategy of behavioral momentum and the differential reinforcement of other behaviors; (b) It is suggested that children with mild/moderate mental retardation's cleaning behaviors can be enhanced by utilizing the methods implemented in this study; (c) It is highly recommended that the behavioral momentum, which stimulates the generalization, can cooperate with the design of stimulus control.