極重度多重障礙孩童如廁訓練成效之研究

The Effectiveness of Toilet Training Program for a Boy with Profound Multiple Disabilities

本研究旨在針對一名9歲10個月的極重度多重障礙孩童，設計一套符合其需求的如廁訓練計畫，並配合研究者自行研發的排泄警示器，以解決其尿濕褲子的問題，進而建立受試者主動如廁的技能。本研究係採單一受試研究法之撤回設計，共分基線期、處理期、撤回期、追蹤期等四個階段。結果顯示，本訓練計畫能快速有效建立起受試者主動如廁的行為，並使其不再尿濕褲子。而在訓練計畫結束後，受試者仍具有良好的長期保留效應，且受試者的母親亦對訓練結果相當滿意，顯示本訓練計畫對於受試者具有良的訓練成效，不僅適合受試者，更可提供國內教育界、醫療界、養護機構、相關專業人員，以及身障孩童家長，在為身障孩童實施如廁訓練時之參考。然而，由於本研究僅以一名受試者為研究對象，因此研究結果不宜過度推論，需日後更多相關研究加以佐證。

The present study adopted withdrawal design of single subject study to examine the effectiveness of toileting training program for a 9-year-old boy with profound multiple disabilities. The results showed that the participant formed the habit of initiative urinating in the toilet and eliminated the urinary accidents in a short period of time. After training, participant remained urinating initiatively and his mother was very satisfied with the toilet training program. Implications of this study were also discussed.