英國英格蘭與威爾斯的教育制度沿革與啟示

The Educational System of England and Wales and Its Implications

本文以英國的英格蘭與威爾斯兩個地區為研究對象，以探討其教育制度與政策的沿革，本文的主要目的乃在於藉由教育制度與政策的描述，以掌握其歷史脈動的變化與屬性，並發掘此種變化形成的制度面變革與影響。為達成此研究目的，本文採取文件分析與學理分析的方式。研究發現顯示，早期的英國草根性教育模式轉向中央集權模式，而且新右派思維主導1979年到1997年的保守黨政府，儘管1997年起的新工黨政府仍有受到新右派的影響，但是較特殊的是，著重公立學校的競爭力，而非純然的私有化原則。無論何種變化，英國的教育運作型態轉向更為制度化的模式。

This study was designed to explore the changes of educational policies in England and Wales in order to uncover the development of institutionalization and its influence on educational operation by examining the characteristics of relevant theories and official documents. The findings show that the grass-rooted mode of educational operation has been replaced by a centralized type as witnessed by the introduction of New Right adopted by Conservative Government and New Labour Government from 1979 and 1997 respectively. It is worth noting that different from Conservative Government, New Labour Government has been more concerned with the improvement of public schools rather than the implementation of the privatization of educational system. Nevertheless, a much visible type of educational changes is the development of institutionalization that forces education to conform the doctrine of basic skills, 3Rs.