論仿擬分類及其辨析

A Classification and Analysis of Parody

在說話或寫作中，模仿前人作品，形式結構維妙維肖，稱為「仿擬」。仿擬是舊瓶裝新酒，亦即承襲套用舊有的形式，換上新的內容，它的內容，與原作雖然不同，但形式結構卻為讀者所熟知，常令讀者感覺親切、熟稔，因而產生共鳴。仿擬的基本要件有二：即本體和仿體。「本體」是指被仿擬的原形體，「仿體」是指新造的形體。仿擬的分類，可以從五個不同角度加以分類：一、依表達效果來分，可分為「仿效」和「仿諷」兩類；二、依語法單位來分，可分為「仿詞」、「仿語」、「仿句」、「仿段（章）」和「仿篇」五類；三、依仿擬媒介來分，可分為「諧音仿」、「語義仿」、「換序仿」、「格式仿」和「語體仿」五類；四、依仿擬對象來分，可分為「名言仿擬」和「當前仿擬」兩類；五、依仿擬結構來分，可分為「明仿」和「暗仿」兩類。仿擬的辨析：一、它是「舊瓶裝新酒」，有別於「新瓶裝舊酒」；二、它是臨時性的生造詞句，有別於已固定的「構詞性仿擬」；三、仿擬的本體和仿體能否達成修辭效果，應以語境為主；四、「仿擬」有別於「同異」；五、「仿擬」有別於「雙關」；六、「仿擬」有別於「飛白」。

When someone speaks or writes something that is based on a work and this new piece of work becomes very similar to the one he chooses to base on, this type of writing is called parody. In other words, parody is a type of writing. It is formed like the situation we often describe, ‘new wine in an old bottle.’ When we write, we will first choose a piece of a work. Then, based on that work, we fill in new concepts to form our own piece. Although this new piece of work is different from the one we choose, the reader knows exactly that this new one is based on an old one and how similar they are. When someone intends to form a parody, it requires him to engage in two steps. The first one is that someone needs to choose a work he decides to imitate. The second one is that he needs to form a new piece based on the one he picks. The parody can be formed under five situations. Parody is different from Tong-yi, pun, and Fe-bai, but sometimes parody works in a very similar way as these literary devices.