順從有時，抵抗有時：東南亞新移民女性家庭照顧經驗中的拉鋸與選擇

A Time to Submit and a Time to Resist: The Family Caregiving Struggle of New Immigrant Women from Southeast Asia

本研究探索以下現象：一、東南亞新移民女性擔任家庭照顧者之經驗內涵？二、什麼機制影響移民女性順從與抵抗家庭照顧角色？三、移民女性對家庭照顧角色的協商策略？研究者透過深度訪談16位東南亞新移民女性回答上述提問，研究發現：「跨海來臺照顧的女人」勾勒東南亞新移民女性在臺灣家庭中的照顧經驗輪廓。「形塑女性順從與抵抗的機制」討論影響移民女性順從與支應其起身抵抗的因素，前者包括：「一家人」性別規訓框架、夫家關係動力、務實考量、認同母國文化積極承擔；後者則包括：臨界點與配合條件、備遭歧視後以牙還牙。至於「弱者的武器」，則耙梳移民女性對照顧角色的協商、鬥爭與抵抗策略，包括：不同場域的角力、溝通表述文化差異與主動／順勢找替代。最後，以「順從有時、抵抗有時」點出女性照顧經驗的複雜動態。結語討論父權壓迫如何結盟照顧需求、照顧政策、移民法令，迫使女性就位照顧，使「家」成為實踐父權的載體，並據以提出政策與實務建議。

This study investigates the following topics: (1) the experiences as caregivers as new immigrant women from Southeast Asia, (2) the factors influencing these women to submit or resist the role of a caregiver, and (3) the strategies that these women used to negotiate their role. After interviewing 16 new immigrant women from Southeast Asia, four findings were conceptualized. First, these women crossed the ocean to take on the caregiver's role. Second, the factors influencing the women's acceptance of the role were: the gender frame within the 'One Family' mentality, the dynamics of the women's relations with their in-laws, pragmatic concerns for their situation at home, and the women's acceptance of the family culture of their motherland. While the tactics these women used to resist the role were: laying out acceptable terms and threshold and an-eye-for-an-eye approach after discrimination. As for the strategies of the women to negotiate their roles, they were: power struggle in the domestic arena, communicating the cultural difference, and seeking for replacement caregivers. For these women, the dynamics of their family care-giving experiences were best described as 'a time to submit and a time to resist.' The study also discusses how the combination of patriarchal oppression, family caregiving needs, immigration acts, and family care policies forced these immigrant women to become family caregivers. The resulting family was found to be responsible for further reinforcing patriarchal oppression. The study concludes with some practical and policy-related recommendations.