所得稅政策對於經濟成長之影響─以台灣租稅制度為例

Taxation Policy and Economic Growth─The Case of Taiwan

本文討論獨立課稅體制與兩稅合一制度對於租稅政策之經濟成長效果可能產生的影響。我們發現不論經濟體系採行何種租稅制度，消費稅與個人綜合所得稅均不利於經濟成長；但是營利事業所得稅與股利政策對於經濟成長表現的影響則會受到經濟體系所採行的租稅制度所左右。明確地說，在獨立課稅制度之下，營利事業所得稅與高股利政策均無可避免地將會傷害經濟成長率；但在兩稅合一制度之下，營利事業所得稅與高股利政策反而可能有助於經濟成長。此外我們也證明出，當政府將獨立課稅制度轉換成兩稅合一制度時，若不想調整稅率但卻希望維持賦稅收入不變，可以透過加徵保留盈餘稅來達成此一目標。

We set up an endogenous growth model to discuss the growth effect of the taxation policies under the independent income tax system and integrated income tax system. We find that individual income tax and consumption tax will deter steady-state economic growth rate on both taxation systems. The corporate income tax and firm’s dividend policy will deter the growth rate in independent income tax system, but the effects turn to ambiguous in integrated income tax system. In addition, it shows that government will levy a positive tax on revenue reserve of corporation to maintain the taxation revenue for taxation system from independent to imputation. Moreover, we also find the revenue reserve tax may be not to harm the steady-state growth rate.