中醫藏象理論起源新探─以五行名號與原始的稅收貢賦機構「六府」中心

An Exploratory Study of the Origin of Viscera-State Doctrine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)- named after the “Five Elements” and the “Six House”, the traditional tax levy system

中醫「藏象」學說的實質，是以五行時空觀為框架，以五藏為核心，內統形體官竅氣血津液，外合四時五節五行物類，所建構的生命體系。是五行圖式世界觀的一環，也是古代天人相應思想的具體呈現。五行學說從「六府」所管理的日用材物借用為名號，在晚周秦漢之際，這五大材用又與宇宙發生論—「氣」的理論結合，衍生為「五行性用」思想。在五行性用的解釋之下，天地人神物類，都可以被五行的五種質性所統領，五行圖式的世界結構才得以合理存在。「府」是上古材物稅收管理機構，與「藏」只藏不出的特徵相比較，有不停出入特徵；其中「藏精氣不瀉」與「傳化物而不藏」的兩種不同特質，正是援引兩種性質不同的倉儲機構「藏」與「府」而來。

The essence of Viscera-State Doctrine in TCM is the life system constructed by integrating the framework of the Five Elements in space-time continuum with the Five Zang Organs as central core, internally regulating physique, qi, blood, body fluids and externally incorporating four seasons with the Five Elements. It is not only a branch of the Five Elements’ schematic world view, but also the rendering of the ancient idea of correspondence between man and universe. Five Element Theory borrowed for the given name from "Six House", which back in the day regulated and managed the lending of daily household materials. During late Chou, Qin and Han Dynasties, the representation of these five daily household materials merged with the concept of cosmologenesis, the theory of "qi", and derived the concept of the “application of Five Elements based on their properties”. With this idea, categories of Heaven, Earth, deities, and men are governed by the five properties of Five Elements and the Five Elements’ schematic world view can, as a result, reasonably remain. "House 府", an ancient tax levy agency, and "Concealment 藏", prevention of disclosing or divulging, manifest the characteristics of continual entries and exits. The two different properties of “installing but not eliminating essence 藏精氣不瀉” and “transforming food into essence but not storing it 傳化物而不藏” can be asserted as derivation from the two different natures of “House 府” and “Concealment 藏”.