台中市聽覺機能障礙者就業困境之研究   全文下載

The Investigation of the Employment Obstacles in Hearing Disability Labors in the Taichung City

從1997-2006年內政部的統計資料中可發現，台灣地區聽覺機能障礙者人數呈現成長趨勢。然相較於一般勞動參與比例而言，在就業比例上卻是呈現明顯偏低的狀況。雖然政府部門在1997 年開始制定許多身心障礙者的相關法令、政策與就業措施，然而在聽障者的勞動就業上，仍存在著諸多因工作機會不均與人力資本匱乏所產生的社會排除現象。本研究藉由聽障者本身以及其勞動就業上之相關人員，包括：聽障機構主管、身心障礙就業服務員、職業重建相關人員與事業單位代表，共25位受訪者進行深入訪談，探究聽障者在職場上的就業困境。
本研究初步提出下列幾點重要發現，首先，聽障者會因為社會排除效應的影響，使得在勞動市場中雇主刻板印象的產生，造成聽障者進入勞動市場的阻礙。在其勞動參與過程中，面對社會適應以及工作表現的部分，在研究中可看出聽障者本身的個人特質是就業穩定的關鍵因素。在職業重建部分，職業訓練和就業服務方面的資源對於聽障者來說並未充分使用，因此對於聽障就業來說也備受限制。此外，就整個就業政策而言，僅保障身心障礙者基本的工作權益，但面對聽障者就業的部分仍存在著高功能低就業問題。本研究希望透過上述考察，得以釐清聽障者在勞動市場參與過程中的優勢與劣勢，以利在促進聽障者的就業服務上，對於聽障者本身及事業單位都能有最適切的媒合為目標。

Basing on the statistical data of Ministry of Interior between 1997 and 2006, the disabilities of Taiwan gradually increases, also the hearing disability population appears the growing tendency. However, the comparison with general labor participation proportion of employment is an obvious somewhat low condition. From 1997, though the government settled down many disabled relevant acts, policy and the employment strategies. The labor employment of hearing disabilities still exist many social exclusions which includes the unfair work opportunity and the deficiency of human capital.
This research highly relied on the in-depth interview of the hearing disabilities and the relevant persons, who include the institutional director, the disabled employment service person, the occupational reconstruction persons and the representatives of enterprises. Twenty five interviewees are arranged for exploring the employment process and obstacles of those hearing disabilities in the labor market.
By the research, it provided some significant detection so as to respond the relevant research questions. First, the effects of social exclusion construct the stereotypes of employers which formulate the obstacle of labor market of the hearing disabilities. In the labor participation process, the hearing disabilities are how to face the social adaptation and working expression. The personal characteristics of hearing disabilities are the significant factors of stable employment. In the part of occupational reconstruction, the resources of occupational training and employment services did not adequately perform, therefore, regarding the hearing disability, it is a limited situation. In addition, speaking of the entire employment policy, it’s only safeguarded their basic work rights, however, the high function hearing disability still has the low employment problem.
By way of the research detection, we can understand the advantageous position and the inferiority of hearing disabilities in the process of labor participation. This investigation respects to promote the employment of hearing disabilities and to reach the most appropriate intermediary between the hearing disabilities and enterprises. It achieves an objective the goal of appropriate employment and making the best possible use of people in the future.