解放研究：障礙研究主導權之轉移

Emancipatory Research: the Power Transformation in Disability Research

本文旨在介紹「解放研究」之理論基礎、實施過程及其限制。解放研究以批判理論及社會障礙模式為理論基礎，強調：社會障礙乃是主流文化依據社會、文化、經濟等價值並透過政治與權力運作的過程所賦予；以及障礙人士面臨的各層級社會參與之限制，源自於有問題的社會機制而非肇因於個體身體的損傷。因此，障礙研究旨在從研究過程中提昇障礙人士的知識與能力，並與他們共同消弭主流社會對障礙人士所形成的各種限制與壓迫。其方法是將障礙人士變成知識的生產者，並以他們的切身經驗做為檢討與改善社會機制的基礎。基於這樣的理念，從事障礙研究時，障礙人士從研究議題、研究問題、研究方法、資料收集與分析、報告撰寫與呈現，都必須擁有其主導權。國內方面，解放研究的精神反映在部分研究與社會運動，他們透過具體的行動方案提升障礙人士的自我倡導、自我決策與相關服務之品質。不過，為了進一步確保障礙人士的生活品質，未來必須再強化他們對自我生活的掌控權以及決策時提供他們必要的資訊。

The paper is to introduce emancipatory research which is grounded on critical theory and the social model of disability. It is argued that the meaning of disability is constructed against social, economic as well as cultural conditions in a specific society by mainstream people. Also, societal restriction is seen as the cause inhibiting the participation of people with disabilities in social activities rather than their body's impairments. Therefore, in doing disability research people with disabilities should have control over the research process and their "disability" experiences are valued as a basis for reducing or eliminating social restriction on them. These relevant threads are embodied into several Taiwanese studies that attempt to enhance self-determination, self-advocacy and life quality of people with disabilities. Furthermore, it is suggested that people with disabilities should have more control over their lives and access to sufficient information for assuring an independent and quality life.