失業經驗中的生涯韌性與韌力： 對成年男性失業者之質性研究初探

Career Resilience and Resiliency in the Experience of unemployment: Inquire of a Qualitative Research

本研究企圖探索生涯危機與轉折中的韌性概念與因素’並具體聚焦於失業經驗。本研究對4位成年 男性失業者進行深度訪談，收集其工作生命史及失業歷程經驗資料。而後針對失業發生經驗中個體 的「保護因子」與「危險因子」進行分析與歸納。研究結果顯示，失業經驗中的生涯韌性因素分為 四大類，包括環境危險因素、個人危險因素、環境保護因素、個人保護因素等。本研究進一步分類 失業中的個人保護因素’並稱為「生涯韌力」（Luthar， Cicchetti， & Becker， 2000)，它包含失業初期 的「緩衝力」、失業中期的「持續力」、失業後期的「轉換力」。緩衝力包括失業預期與轉業準備、正 向情緒調適能力、增進控制感的行動策略；持續力包括安排生活與保持活力、肯定自我價值、正向 價值觀與信念；轉換力則包括評估現實與生涯策略的能力、視框轉換與重建意義的能力、技能學習 與適應新工作之能力。综合而言，本研究初步提供了生涯韌性與生涯韌力之概念探索，未來可以更 進一步精緻的概念化，以及延伸至不同族群或不同生涯阻礙的研究開展。

The purpose of this study is to explore adults’ unemployment experiences with thefocus on their career crises and the importance of the resilience in this challenging transition. In-depth interviews with four jobless male adults were conducted to collect data on their work histories and unemployment experiences. Based on the interviews， both protective factors and risk factors were identified for the unemployed participants. The result showed that career resilience in unemployment experiences could bedivided into four categories - environmental risk factors， individual risk factors， environmental protective factors， and personal protective factors. Furthermore this study defined personal protective factors as、' career resiliency 〃 (Luthar， Cicchetti， & Becker， 2000)， and career resiliency of unemployed participants consists of 、' cushioning 〃 at the initial stage of unemployment，、' persistency 〃 in the middle of unemployment， and 、' transformability 〃 in the late stage. The Cushioning factor includes unemployment expectations， job-transfer preparation， positive emotional adjustment， and sense of control. The Persistency factor includes arrangements for life and vitality， positive self-esteem and positive values and beliefs. The Transform-ability factor includes the ability of to assess reality and career strategies， transformation of frames， the ability to reconstruct meanings， development of skills， and adaptation to new work environments. To sum up， the study explored the concept of career resilience and career resiliency. Future research is needed to refine the conceptualization， and extend it to different groups， or even to different career obstacles.