| 中文摘要 |
本研究之研究問題在於探討：台灣節慶活動的發展過程中，國家能力的限制性與地方文化產業的重要性為何？本文要指出的是：（一）1990年代中期以前，政府以政策工具和國家能力所主導的硬體建設、文藝季活動、與地方文化復興活動，為1990年代中期以後蓬勃發展的地方文化產業與大型節慶活動，提供了良好的發展基礎；（二）在政府、經濟、專業、社區、與文化等動力的交互作用推動下，台灣孕育出包括地方傳統文化產業、地方觀光文化產業、及地方文化活動產業等三種地方文化產業。在豐厚的地方文化產業基礎上，台灣發展出藝術文化節慶活動、產業促銷與社區營造節慶活動、及創新傳承民俗祭典節慶活動等三種不同的節慶活動，並發揮了發展產業經濟、紮根地方文化、提昇觀光效益、及凝聚社區意識等功能；（三）1990年代中期以前，國家的角色在於決定文化的內容、扶植地方文化產業、與配置文化資源，並成為地方文化產業與節慶活動的主要動力。然而，1990年代中期以後，國家的主導能力減弱，其角色轉變為創造與維持適合文化發展的環境，故地方文化產業所擁有的文化、人力、與產業資源，才是台灣節慶活動主要的發展動力，台灣文化的主體性也更能被彰顯。This paper aims to analyze the following question: in the process of Taiwan’s festivals development, what are the limitations of state’s capacity and how important are the local culture industries? This study argues that, before middle 1990s, the government used policy tool and state capacity, including cultural hardware constructions, arts festivals, and local cultural renaissance, to provide a reliable ground for emerging local culture industries and large festivals afterwards. In addition, with the interaction between five driving forces, including political forces, economic forces, professional forces, community’s forces, and cultural forces, three major local culture industries and their related festivals are emerging after middle 1990s: (a) local traditional culture industry, (b) local tourist culture industry, and (c) local culture activities industry. These festivals in Taiwan have brought four major functions on: (a) industrial and economic development, (b) finding roots for local cultures, (c) promoting sightseeing and tourism, and (d) consolidating community consciousness. The government is the major driving force for local culture industries and festivals before middle 1990s. However, after middle 1990s, the state’s leading capacity is weakening and government shifts its role to create and sustain suitable environment for cultural development. Thus the cultural, human, and industrial resources of local culture industries become the major driving forces for Taiwan’s festivals. |
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