政治現代化與經濟發展之關聯——開發中國家的政黨角色

Political Modernization and Economic Development—Political Parties in Developing Countries

本論文之研究乃在於探討開發中國家政治現代化的目標、政黨的特色、以及政黨政治與經濟發展之關係，並就不同層面剖析政黨在開發中國家政治現代化所扮演之角色。開發中國家之政治現代化的目標即在於建立一個理性的、高效率的、組織高度專業化的政治體系，以解決政治發展及社會變遷所帶來的各項危機。由於開發中國家缺乏有效率的組織力量，因此，政黨在開發中國家政治現代化與經濟發展過程中乃扮演一個舉足輕重的角色。再者，雖然一致政府較分立政府更有利於經濟政策之推動與實施，但在分立政府之運作中，若朝野政黨能秉持「國家利益乃是超越政黨利益」之良好民主風範，則國家之政經發展仍可獲得良性的推動，有效地提高國家競爭力。當前我國正朝向已開發中國家之林邁進，儘管目前朝野之間對各種政經問題持不同的看法，但別忘了台灣才是我們安身立命之家園，一切考量皆需以國家與全民利益為前提，如此我們才能在這全球化的政經動盪激烈之大時代中，建立優質的憲政文化，振興經濟，以臻國家與全民於富強康樂的新境界。

This paper is to explore the goal of political modernization in developing countries, the characteristics of political parties, and the relationship between political parties and economic development, and to analyze the role of political modernization in developing countries in different aspects. The goal of political modernization in developing countries is to establish a rational, efficient and highly specialized political system to solve various crises which derive from political development and social change. Owing to lack of efficient strength of organizations in developing countries, political parties play a decisive role in the process of political modernization and economic development. Furthermore, unified governments are generally more conductive to the promotion and implementation of economic policy than divided governments. In the operation of divided governments, if the ruling and opposition parties can uphold the democratic value emphasizing “national interests exceed the interests of all political parties,” the country’s political and economic development will result in good promotion and effectively enhance national competitiveness.Currently, we are becoming one of the developed countries. Although the ruling and opposition parties may still have different views on various political and economic issues, we should always remember that Taiwan is our homeland, and take everything into serious consideration for the sake of the nation’s and people’s interests so that we can establish a good-quality constitutional culture and revive the economy, thereby to reach to a richer and stronger country where people can enjoy peace and happiness.