The Dynamics of Attachment to Family and Delinquency among Taiwanese Adolescents

臺灣青少年的家庭依附與偏差行為之動態關係

Hirschi (1969)認為家庭是抑制青少年偏差行為的重要力量，然而不論是偏差行為或者是家庭依附，均會隨著個體的發展而呈現變化。Thornberry (1987)批評過往理論受到單一因果方向、非發展理論及傾向假設社會結構對行為具恆常因果影響三方面限制，並認為家庭依附的影響於青少年不同階段有著不同的變化。故此，家庭依附對青少年偏差行為的抑制力亦可能出現變化，偏差行為的出現則可能成為減弱家庭與青少年間連結的因素。本研究以中央研究院社會學研究所「臺灣青少年成長歷程研究」長期追蹤計劃蒐集資料作為分析，探討青少年從國一到國三之間，家庭依附與偏差行為之間的交互影響關係。本研究之目的為：(1)探索青少年的家庭依附及偏差行為於三年間之變化趨勢；(2)兩者間的互動影響關係；(3)兩者間的因果關係。研究結果顯示，家庭依附在三年中呈現遞減的趨勢，偏差行為則呈現遞增的趨勢。在個體的發展過程中，家庭與個人間存在著一個互動的過程，家庭確實具有減少偏差行為的功能，但在青少年時期家庭的力量並不足遏止所有偏差行為的發生，一旦偏差行為出現將會使個人與家庭間的關係惡化。Hirschi (1969) argues that family can reduce adolescents’ delinquent behavior. However, deviant behavior and attachment to family may vary as an individual grows up. Thornberry (1987) criticizes older theories as being limited by their unidirectional causality, non-developmental nature and tendency to assume uniform causal effects throughout social structures. He suggests that the influence of family varies during different adolescence phases; therefore, the reducing function may also vary, and the occurrence of delinquency may also weaken the bonding between adolescents and their families. Using data from the Taiwan Youth Project, this study examines the developmental relationship between attachment to family and delinquency for Taiwanese adolescents from the age of 13 to the age of 15. The purposes of and delinquency during these three years; second, to analyze the interactional relationship between attachment to family and delinquency; and third, to examine the causal order between attachment to family and delinquency. The results show that the adolescents’ attachment to family weakens from the age of 13 to the age of 15, while delinquency shows an increasing trend. From the perspective of individual developmental process, there is an interactional relationship between family and individual. Results show that family has the function of reducing an adolescent’s deviant behavior, but that it is not strong enough to completely reduce the deviant behavior. When deviant behavior appears, the bond between family and individual also weakens.