親職效能感、教養行為與孩子生活適應之關係研究

Parental Efficacy%2C Parenting Practices%2C and Child Adjustment

本研究旨在檢驗父母的親職效能感、教養行為及孩子生活適應三者之間的相互關係。研究對象為台北縣市地區就讀國小五、六年級的學童及其父親、母親，有效樣本為655 個家庭。研究結果發現，教養行為會影響孩子的生活適應，然後孩子的生活適應再影響父母的親職效能感。施行有益孩子發展的教養行為，會透過孩子良好的生活適應狀況，增強父母親職效能的感受。相對的，若施行負向的教養行為，則孩子的生活適應狀況較差，而父母的親職效能感也會因之降低。然而，父母在親職效能感降低後，會採行何種教養行為，則未能被有效預測。因此，本研究建議，親職效能感是驅動父母教養行為的必要條件，但卻非父母施行正向教養行為的充份條件。親職教育工作者除了致力提昇父母的親職效能感外，也需注意其它相關影響因素的配合。

The objective of the present study was to examine the relations among parental efficacy， parenting practices， and child adjustment. 655 5th and 6th graders and their parents participated in this study. It was found that parenting practices influenced child adjustment， which in turn influenced parental efficacy. Parents who were more likely to practice positive parenting had children with better adjustment， and the parents had higher level of parental efficacy. In contrast， parents who practiced negative parenting more had children with worse adjustment， and the parents' parental efficacy was lower. However， what parenting behavior that parents with low parental efficacy would practice was failed to be predicted. The results suggested that parental efficacy is a prerequisite， but not sufficient factor for optimal parenting practices. Therefore， in addition to raise parents' parental efficacy， parenting program should also work on other related factors to ensure the quality of parents' parenting practices.