幼兒書寫能力萌發初探

A Brief Exploration of the Emergent Writing Abilities of Young Children

幼兒書寫萌發現況呈現出三歲幼兒，書寫的符號一半以上看出所代表的意義。五歲後，已可完全看出其書寫符號所代表的意義。三歲幼兒書寫表達最常使用「有規律、簡單的線條畫出圖案/型」之型態。五歲開始出現「文字」的書寫，同時有多元之書寫型態。至於六歲幼兒已有半數以「注音符號+數字」為主。書寫策略的現況呈現半數以上幼兒使用「圖畫」表達書寫內容。普遍使用之書寫策略有「注音符號」、「數字」與「配合畫」。另有「正確國字」、「不可分辨符號」、「英文字母」、「注音符號+自畫是圖畫」和「國字+注音符號+自畫式圖畫」等方式。至於書寫發展則顯示三至六歲幼兒符號代表的意義，隨著年齡增長，其書寫內容的符號愈明顯易懂。符號型態之發展，亦隨年齡增加，由圖畫轉換成數字、注音符號以及中國傳統文字。

Emergent writing happens to young children at the age of three， and the meaning of about over half of the written symbols at this stage has been understood. The children after five-year-old are able to understand the meaning of their written symbols completely. Writings of three-year-old young children express meaning mostly as ＂rhythmic，graphics/shapes drawn from simple lines＂. Half of the children aged six write mainly with ＂Mandarin Phonetic Symbols+numbers＂. Writing strategy shows that half of young children use ＂drawings＂ to express the meaning of their writing. Other generally employed writing strategies include ＂Mandarin Phonetic Symbols＂，＂numbers＂ and ＂matched-up drawings＂. Others include ＂accurate Chinese characters＂， ＂unintelligible symbols＂， ＂English letters＂，＂Mandarin Phonetic Symbols+self-draw pictures＂ and ＂Chinese characters+Mandarin Phonetic Symbols+self-draw pictures＂， etc. In terms of writing development， it shows that the meaning and the content of symbols written by the children aged three to six become more and more intelligible with age. The development of the status of the symbol progressing from drawing to numbers. Mandarin Phonetic Symbols and finally to traditional Chinese characters also grows with age.