不同完美主義類型國中資優生其父母教養方式與自我效能之差異研究

A Comparative Study on Parenting Styles and Self-efficacy of the Gifted in Junior High School with Different Types of Perfectionism

本研究旨在探討國中資優生的不同完美主義類型、比較不同完美主義類型國中資優生其父母教養方式、自我效能之差異情形，進一步瞭解父母教養方式與自我效能對完美主義類型的預測情形。本研究採用問卷調查法，以高雄市97學年度國中資優資源班一、二年級學生為研究對象，共490人。將研究資料經描述性統計、集群分析、卡方考驗、單因子變異數分析、區別分析進行統計分析。本研究之發現如下：一、國中資優生的完美主義類型可分成積極型、消極型二種類型與非完美主義者。二、不同完美主義類型國中資優生在父母教養類型上有顯著差異；消極型其「專制獨裁型」教養方式明顯高於非完美主義與積極型資優生；積極型其「寬容溺愛型」教養方式明顯高於消極型完美主義學生；非完美主義其「忽視冷漠型」教養方式明顯高於消極型學生。三、不同完美主義類型國中資優生在自我效能四向度上，僅在「學業表現」向度上達顯著差異。四、父母教養方式與自我效能對完美主義類型的預測作用中，以父母教養方式中的「專制獨裁型與忽視冷漠型」對比組對完美主義類型之預測力最佳。

The main purpose of the study was to explore the types of perfectionism of the gifted students in junior high school in Kaohsiung， and explained the differences of the parenting styles， self-efficacy， and types of perfectionism. The study adopted survey research design， and the samples included 490 seventh-grade and eighth-grade gifted students. All data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics， two-step cluster analysis， one-way ANOVA， chi-square， or discriminant analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The participants were divided into positive perfectionists， negative perfectionists， and non-perfectionists. 2. There were significant differences between different perfectionism types of the junior high school students in parenting styles. Furthermore， the authoritarian parenting style of negative perfectionists was higher than that of non-perfectionists and positive perfectionists. The indulgent parenting style of positive perfectionists was higher than that of negative perfectionists. The neglecting parenting style of non-perfectionists was higher than that of negative perfectionists. 3. There was a significant difference in different perfectionism types of the junior high school students in academic performance efficacy. Moreover， the academic performance efficacy of non-perfectionists was higher than that of negative perfectionists. 4. To predict the gifted students' perfectionism types， the ＂authoritarian and neglecting＂ was the best predictor.