區分良善與有害的幽默──正體中文版「幽默風格量表」的發展

Development of a Traditional Chinese Version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire

過去幽默測量的研究大多視幽默為正向的特質，而無法區分出良善或是有害的幽默。因此，本研究旨在發展一份正體中文版「幽默風格量表」（HSQ-TC），包含親和型幽默、自我提升型幽默、攻擊型幽默和自我貶抑型幽默四個分量表，前兩者為正向幽默風格，後兩者為負向幽默風格。本量表翻譯自Martin、Puhlik-Doris、Larsen、Gray 和Weir（2003）的「幽默風格量表」。以非隨機分層立意抽樣，先以預試樣本382 位大學生進行項目分析，接著再另以935位參與者為正式樣本進行信度和效度分析。結果發現，四個分量表的Cronbach’s 係數為.77～.88、再測\r信度為.83～.86、四個一階因素皆具有良好的組合信度與變異數平均解釋量，顯示HSQ-TC 具有良好的信度。本研究模式具有合理適配的建構效度，再以嘲笑風格、人格特質、攻擊行為和自尊再度考驗其建構效度，發現這些變項都具有良好的區辨效度，故HSQ-TC具有良好的信度和效度。此外，本量表採直譯及回譯比對的嚴謹程序，具有其價值性和應用性。因此，HSQ-TC 的發展不僅可提供跨文化的比較，亦可助於探索善意和惡意幽默的使用，以及應用於教育、諮商、職場、廣告、創造力、心理健康等層面之研究。

In the past， most research viewed humor as a positive trait， failing to distinguish naive humor from deteriorating humor. Therefore， the purpose of this study was to develop a traditional Chinese version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ-TC) for the assessment of affiliative， self-enhancing， aggressive and self-defeating humor styles in Taiwan. Thefirst two could be used to measure positive styles while the later two could measure negative styles. The HSQ-TC was translated from the English version of the HSQ. Item analysis of results from a pilot study with a non-random stratified sample of 382 Taiwanese undergraduate students suggested that the items were satisfactory. The questionnaire was thenadministered to a larger sample (N = 935) and the results were used to assess reliability and construct validity. Reliability results for the HSQ-TC subscales were impressive， with the Cronbach’s coefficients ranging from .73 to .88， and the test-retest reliabilities from .83to .86. The four factors showed good composite reliability and average variance extracted.Goodness-of-fit indices and confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for the construct validity of the scale. A comparison of HSQ-TC results with measures of PhoPhiKat-TC， personality traits， aggressive behavior and self-esteem found further evidence for thediscriminant validity of the instrument. These findings suggest that the HSQ-TC is likely to generate valid and reliable scores. The authors feel that the HSQ-TC is an innovative tool with valuable potential applications， including enabling further cross-cultural comparisons.Finally， the index of the HSQ-TC can be used to further explore the distinction between potentially beneficial and detrimental uses of humor in education， psychotherapy，the workplace， commercial advertisement， creativity research， and psychological health.