「大學生職能量表」之發展研究

Developing the Competence Inventory for College Students

大學生就業力之養成已成為世界高等教育辦學趨勢，我國亦積極朝此方向努力。職能量表雖在企業已有不少應用，但在學術文獻及高等教育之應用卻尚闕如。本研究以職能文獻及實務界人資專業工作者之評核為依據，建構大學生在職場就業所需具備之九項共通職能：主動積極、抗壓性、創新求變、溝通表達、團隊合作、顧客導向、問題解決、學習能力、成就導向，並依據各職能的概念定義，發展職能量表。職能量表經預試修訂後，以銘傳大學學生為對象，建立銘傳大學常模；並蒐集再測信度、內部一致性係數為信度證據，以導師觀察、同儕評定、自評、Bioda-ta、打工及社團經驗為效度證據，各分量表均有可接受之信、效度。本研究並進一步探討量表之因素架構，發現九項職能可分為「工作導向」及「關係導向」兩構面，「工作導向」職能亦可進一步區分為「變革與卓越導向」職能及「問題解決導向」職能。文中並探討職能量表之後續應用。

Employability has become one of the most important learning outcomes for higher education worldwide. The government and the universities in Taiwan are also joining the endeavor to equip our college graduate with employable competence to succeed in the workplace. Although some application of competence inventory has been attempted in entrepreneurial setting， the application in higher education has been scarce， if any.Based on the literature and the assessment of human resource administrative， nine com-mon competences for college students were derived; i.e. initiative， stress tolerance， in-novation， communication， team work， problem solving， professional learning， and achievement orientation. The researchers defined each competence and constructeditems accordingly. The items were pretested and revised to form the Competence Inven-tory for College Students. Through the sample (N=1，378) of Ming Chuan University，the evidences for reliability (test-retest and Alpha coefficient) and validity (teacher ob-servation， peer evaluation， self-evaluation， Biodata， job and extracurricular experience) were collected. The researchers further explored the structure of nine competences and found both two-factor model， and three-factor model demonstrate satisfactory fit. The two-factor model contains Task-oriented and Relations-oriented competences; while the three-factor model includes Change and Achievement oriented， Problem-solving oriented， and Relations-oriented competences. Finally， further application of the inven-tory was discussed.