特殊嬰幼兒家庭支持與需求之調查研究

The Support and Needs of Families with Infants and Young Children Who Had Special Needs

本研究具體目的有三：其一為調查臺灣地區特殊嬰幼兒與其家庭背景，其二為調查臺灣地區特殊嬰幼兒家長之家庭支持與家庭需求，其三為分析家庭背景變項與嬰幼兒變項對家庭支持與需求的影響。本研究採用問卷調查法，研究工具為研究者自編之「特殊嬰幼兒之家庭支持與需求調查表」。家庭支持與需求分為資訊、專業、經濟、服務和精神五個向度。研究對象共有275 個家庭，問卷回收後以描述性統計、t 檢定和單因子變異數分析。研究結果顯示：1. 多數家庭處於經濟及教育的弱勢地位，嬰幼兒在出生序、手足人數、年齡、障礙類別和程度差異頗大。2. 特殊嬰幼兒的家庭支持和需求皆為中度。整體而言，家庭支持現狀和家庭需求之間有明顯差距，尤其在「經濟」和「服務」兩個向度，家庭實際得到的支持呈現顯著不足。3. 特殊嬰幼兒家庭支持和需求會因其家庭收入、家長教育程度、子女數、嬰幼兒的出生序、障礙類別與程度的不同而有顯著差異。

The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to explore the demographic information concerning Taiwanese families with young children with special needs; (2) to examine the social support and the needs of families with young children who had special needs; (3) to investigate to what extent child changes were associated with family support， needs andcharacteristics. A researcher-made questionnaire with five-point Likert’s scale was used to survey the supports and needs of Taiwanese families. Specifically， the items on the questionnaire were divided into five dimensions which contained informational，professional， financial， early intervention services and spiritual support. A total of 275 families of infants and young children with special needs participated in this study. There were three major findings in the study as follows:1. Most families in this study were economically and educationally disadvantaged.Infants and young children with special needs had diversity in the areas of children numbers， birth order， children’s age， categories and level of disability.2. Families had a moderate level of family support and needs. In general， the dimensions of economic and early in intervention service were significant differences in family support and needs.3. There were significant differences between family income， parents’ education level，children numbers， birth order， children’s categories and level of disability.