生技資本主義:馬克思主義觀點的批判

Bio-Capitalism: A Marxist Critique

本文依據素樸的馬克思主義觀點與米爾斯社會學想像的思維，批判當代的生技資本主義。本文首先論述商品拜物教與生命商品化的關係，其次描述專利權的社會史與本質，揭露專利權發展的政經脈絡。接下來檢視生技殖民主義與生技園地運動的機制、過程與結構。本文認為，生技資本主義中的生技複合體、國際不平等交換與階級極化問題，是結構性的宰制與剝削，並無全面的、系統性的解決方案，只有片面的、零碎的協調與行動， 可以解決部分的問題。

This paper provides a critical review of contemporary bio-capitalism by means of a pure Marxian view and C. W. Mills’s sociological imagination. First, the relationships between fetishism of commodity and commodification of life are discussed. Second, I critically describe the mechanism, structure, and process of bio-colonialism and bio-enclosure, both of which involve patent practice. There is no complete solution to the domination and exploitation of bio-capitalism. Only some fragmented and partial social actions have been promoted to deal with the problems structured by bio-capitalism.