歐陽脩筆下的宋代女性--對象、文類與書寫期待

Women of Song China in the Writings of Ou-yang Xiu: the Object, Genre, and the Purpose of Writings

歐陽脩在宋代士大夫新文化的型塑過程中極具影響力。本文即以他記述當時女性的各類文字資料為基本史料，探討其如何運用各類書寫方式記錄女性的行跡，及其如何在自身與當時社會價值理念影響下，營構出種種的女性意象。經由分析他所用的文類形式、書寫時所處的情境、被書寫者的身分／角色／地位，還有他與被書寫者間關係的親疏遠近，以辨識其在書寫間論斷女性舉止行徑的原則、所展現的理想女性形象，以及所透露的宋代女性生活實況，以期解明「作為資料提供者的歐陽脩」－－「歐陽脩的書寫」－－「歐陽脩書寫中呈現的女性」－－「實存的宋代女性」這四者之間連鎖相牽的關係。

Ou-yang Xiu was a man of great importance in shaping the literati culture of the Song Dynasty. This paper uses Ou-yang Xiu's writings on women and his own discussions of his approaches to writing to identify the guidelines Ou-yang Xiu employed to define and advocate the proper behavior of women and the images of the ideal women. These texts were written in various genres, including essays of mourning and remembrance (epitaphs), personal letters, and lyric poetry. The images of women in these texts are also varied. Besides the choice of different genres, factors affecting Ou-yang Xiu's choice of approaches to writing include the social expectation of the women's role in the family life, the author's own perception of social values and how they should be upheld, and the author's relationship with the women involved in the writings and their social status. Our results, along with the more lively images of women in some of his works, help to open a window for readers on the actual lives of women in the Song times.