政治轉型中的派系制衡岑春?與1918年軍政府改組

The Mutual-Restriction among Cliques in the Reformation of Politics: Tsen Chun Hsuan and the Reorganization of the Military Government in 1918

如果從傳統的是非曲直兩極評價體系和研究模式中走出，努力回歸歷史本原，即會發現，近代中國由專制向民主轉型初期，政治失去重心、新舊勢力相互角逐，使派系制衡對當時披著民主外衣的政治生活，起著重要作用。1918年廣州軍政府改組，政權形式由獨斷制轉為合議制，體現了南方各護法勢力的勢均力敵。如果從多維視角切入，會發現改組中習慣上不被重視的關鍵人物、代替孫中山成為軍政府首腦的岑春煊的勝出，不僅反映了西南實力派與孫中山的兩極對立，還與西南實力派之間、南方國會內部、南北之間的實際利益，以及岑春煊個人與政學會群體的權謀密切相關。各種關係盤根錯節、環環緊扣，對政局發展方向形成一股合力。它彰顯了中國轉型時期多頭政治並存的實際態勢，宗旨、利害相互制約的複雜本相，以及制度與人謀交相作用的政治運作特點。

Walking out of the traditional opinional system and the study model of the rights and wrongs, we will find that with the process of democratization from autocracy in the modem Chain, the center of politics lost its balance. The tussle between the new power and the old and the mutual-restriction among the cliques deeply influenced the political life under the appearance of democracy. The reorganization of the Canton protect-constitution military government in 1918 changed its form from autocracy to collegiate system, embodying the balance in power of the southern cliques. The victory of Tsen Chun Hsuan, who was once not be thought as an important person, not only reflected the conflict between Sun Yat-sen and the south-west warlords, but also related with the interest of the cliques, the south parliament, the north and south of China, and Tsen Chun Hsuan's conspiracy with Zheng Xue Hui. With all the relations entangled, a compound power impeled the development of Chinese politics. It opens out the ture and complex existence of multi-headed political situation, the mutual-restriction of the aims and the interests among cliques, and the character of political moving in the process of reformation in China.