養生、競賽遊戲與鍛鍊：本土運動觀念初探

Yangsheng, Sport and Exercise: A Preliminary Inquiry about Taiwanese Notion of Yundong

本文嘗試釐清台灣人究竟如何理解運動，與西方人對sport(競賽遊戲)的理解又有何異同。sport 是西方的、現代的產物，台灣人對它的理 解勢必涉及到翻譯現代性的問題。秉此觀念，本文以社會變遷調查的實證資料來呈現本土運動觀念與西方sport 概念的異同：前者以養生、健身為主要關懷，後者則看重競賽、規則與樂趣。本文指出，由於同時受到東、西方身體文化的影響，台灣人對運動的理解實際上處於混雜的狀態，雖由本土養生觀念主導，但也混有西方sport的觀念。儘管如此，藉統計分析之助，我們不但可以解析出東、西方運動觀念的純粹類型，甚至還可進一步辨認出三個有待驗證的理想型：養生取向、競賽遊戲取向以及鍛鍊取向。

This article aims to clarify how Taiwanese understand yundong, the most usual Chinese translation of sport, and how this understanding is similar to or different from the occidental concept of sport. I argue that sport is a modern product and Taiwanese understanding about it has to do with the problem of translated modernity. Based on survey data, I demonstrate that the native notion of yundong concerns primarily about life-nourishing and health, while the western concept of sport emphasizes contest-games, rules and fun. In fact, Taiwanese have a hybrid understanding about yundong due to the confluence of Chinese and Western body cultures. In spite of this hybridity, it is possible to distinguish the pure type of native notion of yundong from the Western pure type of sport understanding with statistical analysis. Furthermore, I identify three ideal types, reflecting different traditions of body culture and different orientations concerning bodily movements, that need to be tested in the future: life-nourishing, sport and exercise orientations.