台灣消費社會(1980-2000)的結構形成與變動之分析

The Analysis of Structure Formation and Transformation of Consumer Society in Taiwan (1980-2000)

這篇論文係針對金融海嘯來襲之前，消費社會在不同社會層面的階層化進行結構形成與變動的分析。以結合消費社會與富裕社會的論題進行三項社會假設的驗證，藉由比較分析五個年度的「中華民國台灣地區家庭收支調查」資料之後，本文發現，前述三項假設皆獲得統計驗證。換句話說，1980-2000 年之間台灣消費社會的結構已然成形。台灣消費社會的結構具有三項特質：一、消費活動項目明顯地呈現必需性消費減少、地位性消費增長的相互貼近走勢，同時城鎮的地位性消費有朝都市的地位性消費看齊的趨勢。二、20 年之間，在整體地位性消費的社會擴散現象中，夾雜著所得愈低所要負擔的教育成本愈沉重的教育不均等發展趨勢。三、20 年之間，家戶總消費支出大於總可支配所得戶數占全部家戶的比例呈現持續上升的趨勢。地位性消費已和所得分配階層、教育階層、職業階層之間呈現脫鈎的走勢。最後，台灣消費社會的結構在1980-2000 年之間，相對應於家庭所得分配不均的惡化走勢，也日益浮現出消費結構不均的發展趨勢，值得關懷社會不均議題的相關學者，在經濟政策與社會安全政策層面，提供具有社會學理論思考與洞察的政策分析與建議。

This paper aims to analyze the formation and transformation of consumption structure, which has been stratified on differently social dimensions before the crisis of financial tsunami. Based on the integration of the thesis of consumer society with it of affluent society, this analysis has successfully verified three hypotheses. In according to comparison of data of "the survey of family income and expenditure in Taiwan area of Republic of China" 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000, this paper concludes that the consumer society in Taiwan has already been constructed from 1980 to 2000. There are three characteristics of the consumer society in Taiwan: (1) the items of necessary consumption have definitely decreased, whereas these of status consumption have certainly increased, and these two kinds of consumption have continually closed to each other. At the same time, status consumption of towns is gradually akin to it of cities. (2) Behind the trend of consumption expenditure in 20years, there emerges the noticed social inequality: the more education expenditure must cost the lower income households. (3) In 20 years, Percentage share of the consumption expenditure over the disposable income per household has cumulatively grown upward. In spite of this, the construction of status consumption has step by step released from the social stratification of income, education and occupation. Lastly, compared to the worse development of inequality of income distribution by household in Taiwan from year 1980 to year 2000, there on the counterpart has also emerged the social inequality of consumption construction. This development of social inequality has to be concerned and researched by related economics policy and social security policy, which can involve with sociologically theoretical thinking and insights.