台灣客家電視台精緻戲曲《戲棚戲》之探討

Exploration of the Hakka Exquisite Drama on Hakka TV Station

本文藉由戲劇理論「劇場性」與「改編」，以及文化研究中的電視作為「通俗文化」的「視覺文化」，探討台灣客家電視台客家精緻戲曲《戲棚戲》。研究主題探討民間傳說鍾馗與門神，如何轉變為文本，比較劇本改編，與電視媒體的戲劇化呈現。重點有二：一是傳統戲曲如何在現代電視再現？二是藝術表演的虛構反映在電視影像上所呈現的歷史真實性為何？二十一世紀初在行政院客家委員會的主導下，客家大戲結合電視、網路傳播，開啟客家戲曲發展的新途徑。傳統客家戲曲經由製作電視客家精緻戲曲在電視媒體上播放而獲得新生。本文探討「榮興客家採茶劇團」於2006年在客家電視台所製作之精緻大戲──《戲棚戲》，為客家電視戲曲之年度大戲。全劇以戲中戲的架構包裝四部民間通俗劇目；而本研究以其中之《鬼王鍾馗》（原播2006年）與《門神──秦叔寶及尉遲恭》(原播2006年)兩齣劇為探討案例。《鬼王鍾馗》是描述唐朝舉人鍾馗如何成為鬼王及嫁妹的故事；《門神──秦叔寶及尉遲恭》以唐朝李世民的事蹟為軸線，說明門神的由來。本研究以電視作為媒體傳播文化的觀點，檢視現代科技電視的三機拍攝、錄影、特寫、重錄，與剪輯技術，搭配佈景、道具、服裝、化妝，以戲劇化的形式來改編與再現這些古老神鬼劇追求普世正義。

This article applies the drama theories on "theatricality" and "adaptation," and TV's "visual culture" in cultural studies to explore "Drama behind Theatre Curtain" in the Hakka Exquisite Drama on Hakka TV station. The theme is to explore how to transform the folklore legends of Chung Kuei and the Gate Gods into the scripts, compare the adaptation of the scripts, and examine the theatrical representation of the drama on TV media. To emphasize on the two points: 1. how the traditional drama represents on modern TV? 2. The fiction of the artistic performance reflects the reality of history shown on TV images. In the beginning of the twentieth first century, under the leadership of Council for Hakka Affairs, Hakka Opera has combined TV and Internet communication to open a new way for developing Hakka Drama. Traditional Hakka Drama gets a new life by showing Hakka Exquisite Drama on TV media. This essay explores, after the competition selection by Hakka TV station, the Hakka Exquisite Opera "Drama behind Theatre Curtain." It is the big production of Rom Shing Hakka Opera Troupe in 2006. The whole drama series use the structure of play-within-the-play to package the four folk popular scripts. This research chooses "The Ghosts King Chung Kuei" (premiered 2006) and "The Gate Gods: Chin, Shu-Bao and Wei, Chih-Kung" (premiered 2006) as the two case studies. From the perspective of TV as media communication culture to examine how TV modern technology represents these old stories about ghosts and Gods adapted by theatricality to have a metaphor on the universal pursuit for justice.