人格特質對台灣大學生政治容忍感之影響

The Effects of Personality Traits on Taiwanese College Students’ Political Tolerance

本研究探討人格特質與政治容忍感之間的關係。鑒於台灣過去文獻未曾探討心理因素與政治容忍感之間的關係，故本研究檢視人格五大特質—外向性、親和性、嚴謹性、情緒穩定性和經驗開放性—對於大學生政治容忍感的影響。運用來自〈我國大學生政治社會化的定群追蹤研究〉第四年的調查資料，本研究透過有序勝算對數模型估計人格特質與政治容忍感之間的關係。實證結果發現，親和性和經驗開放性兩項人格特質對於大學生的政治容忍感具有顯著性的影響。確切而言，親和性人格特質愈高的受訪者，其政治容忍感愈低；反之，經驗開放性人格特質愈高的受訪者，則有較高的政治容忍感。另外，嚴謹性和情緒穩定性兩項人格特質對於政治容忍感亦有部分的影響力。另一方面，雖然外向性人格特質與政治容忍感之間似乎不具有關聯性，但是進一步檢視人格特質對於不同性別大學生政治容忍感的影響，則發現外向性人格特質愈顯著的女性大學生，其政治容忍感愈低；再者，嚴謹性人格特質對於女性和男性大學生的政治容忍感亦具有不同的影響。總結而言，本研究證實人格特質確實是影響大學生政治容忍感的重要解釋變數，並且提供初步證據說明人格特質對於女性和男性的政治容忍感具有異質性的影響。這對於政治容忍感相關研究的發展有著重要的意義，亦即在探究個人的政治容忍感時，除了脈絡、態度和行為因素之外，亦須將人格特質的心理因素納入考量。

This study aims to explore the relationships between personality traits and political tolerance. Given that past studies in Taiwan have never investigated the relationships between psychological factors and political tolerance, this study examines how the Big Five personality traits -- extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience -- affect college students’ political tolerance. Using survey data from the panel study on the political socialization of university students in Taiwan, this study employs an ordered logit model to estimate the effects of personality traits on political tolerance. The empirical results show that agreeableness and openness to experience have significant effects on college students’ political tolerance. Specifically, people with higher levels of agreeableness tend to have lower levels of political tolerance; by contrast, those with higher levels of openness to experience are inclined to have higher levels of political tolerance. Besides, conscientiousness and emotional stability also exert some influence on political tolerance. On the other hand, while extraversion seems to have nothing to do with political tolerance, further analysis reveals that extraversion has heterogeneous effects on political tolerance for female and male college students. That is, female college students with higher levels of extraversion tend to have lower levels of political tolerance. Furthermore, conscientiousness also exerts a gender-differentiated effect on political tolerance. Overall, this study confirms that personality traits are important determinants of political tolerance among college students and provides preliminary evidence for heterogeneous effects of personality traits on the political tolerance of women and men. The findings provide new insights into the study of political tolerance and suggest that personality traits should be taken into consideration to explain individual political tolerance apart from contextual, attitudinal and behavioral factors.